feat(29-01): deterministic peer critic pattern-scan engine

[OgeonX-Ai]

Summary

• Adds maf_starter/critic.py: a zero-config, deterministic Resilience First pattern checker (bare-except detection, missing-telemetry detection, file-size-limit check) returning a structured CriticReport with a BLOCKING vs ADVISORY severity split.
• Adds maf_starter/critic_cli.py: a runnable local entrypoint (python -m maf_starter.critic_cli --diff <path|-> [--severity-gate blocking|advisory]) that exits non-zero on BLOCKING findings by default.
• Implements REQ-1.4.5 (Peer Critic Pattern) as a standalone, reusable module -- intentionally not wired into the existing SpecialistRole roster to avoid destabilizing the typed sequential pipeline.

Test plan

• python -m pytest tests/test_critic.py -v -- 13/13 passing (dirty-diff-blocks, clean-diff-passes, malformed-input-never-crashes, CLI exit codes)
• python -m maf_starter.critic_cli --help confirms module entrypoint with --diff and --severity-gate
• Live evidence run against this org's own PR feat(28-02): structured JSON failure telemetry + CLI fallback size guards #12 diff (feat(28-02): structured JSON failure telemetry + CLI fallback size guards): critic: 0 blocking, 1 advisory, exit code 0 -- demonstrates the BLOCKING/ADVISORY split does not false-positive-block a real, already-merged-quality PR.

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[OgeonX-Ai]

Superseded by #17, which consolidated the surviving work onto current main without reintroducing the stale dependency stack.