handsontable · Tobiadefami · Aug 4, 2026 · Aug 4, 2026 · Aug 5, 2026 · Aug 5, 2026
diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -7,6 +7,14 @@ The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.0.0/),
 
 ## [Unreleased]
 
+### Added
+
+- Added the `TAKE` dynamic-array function. [#1722](https://github.com/handsontable/hyperformula/pull/1722)
+
+### Changed
+
+- **Breaking change**: Replaced the placeholder English `VSTACK` and `HSTACK` names with their official localized names in 14 language packs. Formulas parsed with one of those language packs must use the localized function names. [#1722](https://github.com/handsontable/hyperformula/pull/1722)
+
 ## [3.4.0] - 2026-08-10
 
 ### Added

diff --git a/docs/guide/list-of-differences.md b/docs/guide/list-of-differences.md
@@ -106,6 +106,8 @@ To remove the differences, create [custom implementations](custom-functions.md)
 | NORMSDIST     | =NORMSDIST(0, TRUE())                                          |          0.5 |  Wrong number |    Wrong number |
 | ADDRESS       | =ADDRESS(1,1,4, TRUE(), "")                                    |          !A1 |         ''!A1 |             !A1 |
 | SEQUENCE      | =SEQUENCE(0)                                                   |        VALUE |           N/A |           CALC  |
+| TAKE          | =TAKE(A1:A3, 0)                                                |          N/A | No such function. |           CALC  |
+| TAKE          | =TAKE(Data!A:A, , 1)                                           | Spills the whole column from row 1; returns SPILL below row 1. | No such function. | Spills the whole column from row 1; returns SPILL below row 1. |
 | INT           | =INT(-8.9)                                                     |           -8 |            -9 |              -9 |
 | MOD           | =MOD(-10, 3)                                                   |           -1 |             2 |               2 |
 | ISEVEN        | =ISEVEN(2.5)                                                   |        FALSE |          TRUE |            TRUE |

diff --git a/docs/guide/release-notes.md b/docs/guide/release-notes.md
@@ -6,6 +6,12 @@ This page lists HyperFormula release notes. The format is based on
 HyperFormula adheres to
 [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0.html).
 
+## Unreleased
+
+### Changed
+
+- **Breaking change**: The Czech, Danish, German, Spanish, Finnish, French, Hungarian, Italian, Norwegian Bokmål, Dutch, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, and Turkish language packs now use the official localized names for `VSTACK` and `HSTACK`. If an existing formula uses the English `VSTACK` or `HSTACK` name while one of these language packs is active, update that formula to the localized function name exported by the language pack.
+
 ## 3.4.0
 
 **Release date: August 10, 2026**

diff --git a/docs/guide/types-of-errors.md b/docs/guide/types-of-errors.md
@@ -23,4 +23,4 @@ according to the language settings.
 | #VALUE! | Wrong type of argument | It occurs when a formula tries to improperly use different types of data. For example, you will see this error when you will try to add a string to a number. |
 | #CYCLE! | Circular reference | It occurs when a formula refers to its own cell, both directly and indirectly. |
 | #ERROR! | An error occurred | It indicates that there is an unknown error in a formula. |
-| #LIC! | Invalid license key | It occurs when the license key is invalid, expired, or missing. |
+| #LIC! | Invalid license key | It occurs when the license key is invalid, expired, or missing. |
diff --git a/src/error-message.ts b/src/error-message.ts
@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ export class ErrorMessage {
   public static IncorrectDateTime = 'String does not represent correct DateTime.'
   public static CharacterCodeBounds = 'Character code out of bounds.'
   public static NonZero = 'Argument cannot be 0.'
+  public static ZeroRowOrColumnCount = 'Row or column count cannot be zero.'
   public static LessThanOne = 'Argument cannot be less than 1.'
   public static WeekendString = 'Incorrect weekend bitmask string.'
   public static InvalidRoman = 'Invalid roman numeral.'

diff --git a/src/i18n/languages/csCZ.ts b/src/i18n/languages/csCZ.ts
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ const dictionary: RawTranslationPackage = {
   },
   functions: {
     FILTER: 'FILTER',
-    VSTACK: 'VSTACK',
-    HSTACK: 'HSTACK',
+    VSTACK: 'SROVNAT.SVISLE',
+    HSTACK: 'SROVNAT.VODOROVNĚ',
     ADDRESS: 'ODKAZ',
     'ARRAY_CONSTRAIN': 'ARRAY_CONSTRAIN',
     ARRAYFORMULA: 'ARRAYFORMULA',
@@ -225,6 +225,7 @@ const dictionary: RawTranslationPackage = {
     SWITCH: '',
     SYD: 'ODPIS.NELIN',
     T: 'T',
+    TAKE: 'VZÍT',
     TAN: 'TG',
     TANH: 'TGH',
     TBILLEQ: 'TBILLEQ',

diff --git a/src/i18n/languages/daDK.ts b/src/i18n/languages/daDK.ts
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ const dictionary: RawTranslationPackage = {
   },
   functions: {
     FILTER: 'FILTER',
-    VSTACK: 'VSTACK',
-    HSTACK: 'HSTACK',
+    VSTACK: 'LSTAK',
+    HSTACK: 'VSTAK',
     ADDRESS: 'ADRESSE',
     'ARRAY_CONSTRAIN': 'ARRAY_CONSTRAIN',
     ARRAYFORMULA: 'ARRAYFORMULA',
@@ -225,6 +225,7 @@ const dictionary: RawTranslationPackage = {
     SWITCH: '',
     SYD: 'ÅRSAFSKRIVNING',
     T: 'T',
+    TAKE: 'TAG',
     TAN: 'TAN',
     TANH: 'TANH',
     TBILLEQ: 'STATSOBLIGATION',

diff --git a/src/i18n/languages/deDE.ts b/src/i18n/languages/deDE.ts
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ const dictionary: RawTranslationPackage = {
   },
   functions: {
     FILTER: 'FILTER',
-    VSTACK: 'VSTACK',
-    HSTACK: 'HSTACK',
+    VSTACK: 'VSTAPELN',
+    HSTACK: 'HSTAPELN',
     ADDRESS: 'ADRESSE',
     'ARRAY_CONSTRAIN': 'ARRAY_CONSTRAIN',
     ARRAYFORMULA: 'ARRAYFORMULA',
@@ -225,6 +225,7 @@ const dictionary: RawTranslationPackage = {
     SWITCH: '',
     SYD: 'DIA',
     T: 'T',
+    TAKE: 'ÜBERNEHMEN',
     TAN: 'TAN',
     TANH: 'TANHYP',
     TBILLEQ: 'TBILLÄQUIV',

diff --git a/src/i18n/languages/enGB.ts b/src/i18n/languages/enGB.ts
@@ -227,6 +227,7 @@ const dictionary: RawTranslationPackage = {
     SWITCH: 'SWITCH',
     SYD: 'SYD',
     T: 'T',
+    TAKE: 'TAKE',
     TAN: 'TAN',
     TANH: 'TANH',
     TBILLEQ: 'TBILLEQ',

diff --git a/src/i18n/languages/esES.ts b/src/i18n/languages/esES.ts
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ export const dictionary: RawTranslationPackage = {
   },
   functions: {
     FILTER: 'FILTER',
-    VSTACK: 'VSTACK',
-    HSTACK: 'HSTACK',
+    VSTACK: 'APILARV',
+    HSTACK: 'APILARH',
     ADDRESS: 'DIRECCION',
     'ARRAY_CONSTRAIN': 'ARRAY_CONSTRAIN',
     ARRAYFORMULA: 'ARRAYFORMULA',
@@ -225,6 +225,7 @@ export const dictionary: RawTranslationPackage = {
     SWITCH: '',
     SYD: 'SYD',
     T: 'T',
+    TAKE: 'TOMAR',
     TAN: 'TAN',
     TANH: 'TANH',
     TBILLEQ: 'LETRA.DE.TEST.EQV.A.BONO',

diff --git a/src/i18n/languages/fiFI.ts b/src/i18n/languages/fiFI.ts
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ const dictionary: RawTranslationPackage = {
   },
   functions: {
     FILTER: 'FILTER',
-    VSTACK: 'VSTACK',
-    HSTACK: 'HSTACK',
+    VSTACK: 'VPINO',
+    HSTACK: 'HPINO',
     ADDRESS: 'OSOITE',
     'ARRAY_CONSTRAIN': 'ARRAY_CONSTRAIN',
     ARRAYFORMULA: 'ARRAYFORMULA',
@@ -225,6 +225,7 @@ const dictionary: RawTranslationPackage = {
     SWITCH: '',
     SYD: 'VUOSIPOISTO',
     T: 'T',
+    TAKE: 'OTA',
     TAN: 'TAN',
     TANH: 'TANH',
     TBILLEQ: 'OBLIG.TUOTTOPROS',

diff --git a/src/i18n/languages/frFR.ts b/src/i18n/languages/frFR.ts
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ const dictionary: RawTranslationPackage = {
   },
   functions: {
     FILTER: 'FILTER',
-    VSTACK: 'VSTACK',
-    HSTACK: 'HSTACK',
+    VSTACK: 'ASSEMB.V',
+    HSTACK: 'ASSEMB.H',
     ADDRESS: 'ADRESSE',
     'ARRAY_CONSTRAIN': 'ARRAY_CONSTRAIN',
     ARRAYFORMULA: 'ARRAYFORMULA',
@@ -225,6 +225,7 @@ const dictionary: RawTranslationPackage = {
     SWITCH: '',
     SYD: 'SYD',
     T: 'T',
+    TAKE: 'PRENDRE',
     TAN: 'TAN',
     TANH: 'TANH',
     TBILLEQ: 'TAUX.ESCOMPTE.R',

diff --git a/src/i18n/languages/huHU.ts b/src/i18n/languages/huHU.ts
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ const dictionary: RawTranslationPackage = {
   },
   functions: {
     FILTER: 'FILTER',
-    VSTACK: 'VSTACK',
-    HSTACK: 'HSTACK',
+    VSTACK: 'FÜGG.HALMOZÁS',
+    HSTACK: 'VÍZSZ.HALMOZÁS',
     ADDRESS: 'CÍM',
     'ARRAY_CONSTRAIN': 'ARRAY_CONSTRAIN',
     ARRAYFORMULA: 'ARRAYFORMULA',
@@ -225,6 +225,7 @@ const dictionary: RawTranslationPackage = {
     SWITCH: '',
     SYD: 'ÉSZÖ',
     T: 'T',
+    TAKE: 'ÁTHELYEZ',
     TAN: 'TAN',
     TANH: 'TANH',
     TBILLEQ: 'KJEGY.EGYENÉRT',

diff --git a/src/i18n/languages/idID.ts b/src/i18n/languages/idID.ts
@@ -227,6 +227,7 @@ const dictionary: RawTranslationPackage = {
     SWITCH: 'BERALIH',
     SYD: 'SYD',
     T: 'T',
+    TAKE: 'TAKE',
     TAN: 'TAN',
     TANH: 'TANH',
     TBILLEQ: 'TBILL.SAMA',

diff --git a/src/i18n/languages/itIT.ts b/src/i18n/languages/itIT.ts
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ const dictionary: RawTranslationPackage = {
   },
   functions: {
     FILTER: 'FILTER',
-    VSTACK: 'VSTACK',
-    HSTACK: 'HSTACK',
+    VSTACK: 'STACK.VERT',
+    HSTACK: 'STACK.ORIZ',
     ADDRESS: 'INDIRIZZO',
     'ARRAY_CONSTRAIN': 'ARRAY_CONSTRAIN',
     ARRAYFORMULA: 'ARRAYFORMULA',
@@ -225,6 +225,7 @@ const dictionary: RawTranslationPackage = {
     SWITCH: '',
     SYD: 'AMMORT.ANNUO',
     T: 'T',
+    TAKE: 'INCLUDI',
     TAN: 'TAN',
     TANH: 'TANH',
     TBILLEQ: 'BOT.EQUIV',

diff --git a/src/i18n/languages/nbNO.ts b/src/i18n/languages/nbNO.ts
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ const dictionary: RawTranslationPackage = {
   },
   functions: {
     FILTER: 'FILTER',
-    VSTACK: 'VSTACK',
-    HSTACK: 'HSTACK',
+    VSTACK: 'VSTAKK',
+    HSTACK: 'HSTAKK',
     ADDRESS: 'ADRESSE',
     'ARRAY_CONSTRAIN': 'ARRAY_CONSTRAIN',
     ARRAYFORMULA: 'ARRAYFORMULA',
@@ -225,6 +225,7 @@ const dictionary: RawTranslationPackage = {
     SWITCH: '',
     SYD: 'ÅRSAVS',
     T: 'T',
+    TAKE: 'TA',
     TAN: 'TAN',
     TANH: 'TANH',
     TBILLEQ: 'TBILLEKV',

diff --git a/src/i18n/languages/nlNL.ts b/src/i18n/languages/nlNL.ts
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ const dictionary: RawTranslationPackage = {
   },
   functions: {
     FILTER: 'FILTER',
-    VSTACK: 'VSTACK',
-    HSTACK: 'HSTACK',
+    VSTACK: 'VERT.STAPELEN',
+    HSTACK: 'HOR.STAPELEN',
     ADDRESS: 'ADRES',
     'ARRAY_CONSTRAIN': 'ARRAY_CONSTRAIN',
     ARRAYFORMULA: 'ARRAYFORMULA',
@@ -225,6 +225,7 @@ const dictionary: RawTranslationPackage = {
     SWITCH: '',
     SYD: 'SYD',
     T: 'T',
+    TAKE: 'NEMEN',
     TAN: 'TAN',
     TANH: 'TANH',
     TBILLEQ: 'SCHATK.OBL',

diff --git a/src/i18n/languages/plPL.ts b/src/i18n/languages/plPL.ts
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ const dictionary: RawTranslationPackage = {
   },
   functions: {
     FILTER: 'FILTER',
-    VSTACK: 'VSTACK',
-    HSTACK: 'HSTACK',
+    VSTACK: 'STOS.PION',
+    HSTACK: 'STOS.POZ',
     ADDRESS: 'ADRES',
     'ARRAY_CONSTRAIN': 'ARRAY_CONSTRAIN',
     ARRAYFORMULA: 'ARRAYFORMULA',
@@ -225,6 +225,7 @@ const dictionary: RawTranslationPackage = {
     SWITCH: 'PRZEŁĄCZ',
     SYD: 'SYD',
     T: 'T',
+    TAKE: 'WYCINEK',
     TAN: 'TAN',
     TANH: 'TANH',
     TBILLEQ: 'RENT.EKW.BS',

diff --git a/src/i18n/languages/ptPT.ts b/src/i18n/languages/ptPT.ts
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ const dictionary: RawTranslationPackage = {
   },
   functions: {
     FILTER: 'FILTER',
-    VSTACK: 'VSTACK',
-    HSTACK: 'HSTACK',
+    VSTACK: 'JUNTARV',
+    HSTACK: 'JUNTARH',
     ADDRESS: 'ENDEREÇO',
     'ARRAY_CONSTRAIN': 'ARRAY_CONSTRAIN',
     ARRAYFORMULA: 'ARRAYFORMULA',
@@ -225,6 +225,7 @@ const dictionary: RawTranslationPackage = {
     SWITCH: '',
     SYD: 'SDA',
     T: 'T',
+    TAKE: 'INCLUIR',
     TAN: 'TAN',
     TANH: 'TANH',
     TBILLEQ: 'OTN',

diff --git a/src/i18n/languages/ruRU.ts b/src/i18n/languages/ruRU.ts
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ const dictionary: RawTranslationPackage = {
   },
   functions: {
     FILTER: 'FILTER',
-    VSTACK: 'VSTACK',
-    HSTACK: 'HSTACK',
+    VSTACK: 'ВСТОЛБИК',
+    HSTACK: 'ГСТОЛБИК',
     ADDRESS: 'АДРЕС',
     'ARRAY_CONSTRAIN': 'ARRAY_CONSTRAIN',
     ARRAYFORMULA: 'ARRAYFORMULA',
@@ -225,6 +225,7 @@ const dictionary: RawTranslationPackage = {
     SWITCH: '',
     SYD: 'АСЧ',
     T: 'Т',
+    TAKE: 'ВЗЯТЬ',
     TAN: 'TAN',
     TANH: 'TANH',
     TBILLEQ: 'РАВНОКЧЕК',

diff --git a/src/i18n/languages/svSE.ts b/src/i18n/languages/svSE.ts
@@ -225,6 +225,7 @@ const dictionary: RawTranslationPackage = {
     SWITCH: '',
     SYD: 'ÅRSAVSKR',
     T: 'T',
+    TAKE: 'TA',
     TAN: 'TAN',
     TANH: 'TANH',
     TBILLEQ: 'SSVXEKV',

diff --git a/src/i18n/languages/trTR.ts b/src/i18n/languages/trTR.ts
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ const dictionary: RawTranslationPackage = {
   },
   functions: {
     FILTER: 'FILTER',
-    VSTACK: 'VSTACK',
-    HSTACK: 'HSTACK',
+    VSTACK: 'DÜŞEYYIĞ',
+    HSTACK: 'YATAYYIĞ',
     ADDRESS: 'ADRES',
     'ARRAY_CONSTRAIN': 'ARRAY_CONSTRAIN',
     ARRAYFORMULA: 'ARRAYFORMULA',
@@ -225,6 +225,7 @@ const dictionary: RawTranslationPackage = {
     SWITCH: '',
     SYD: 'YAT',
     T: 'T',
+    TAKE: 'AL',
     TAN: 'TAN',
     TANH: 'TANH',
     TBILLEQ: 'HTAHEŞ',

diff --git a/src/interpreter/functionMetadata/buildFunctionDescriptions.ts b/src/interpreter/functionMetadata/buildFunctionDescriptions.ts
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
  * placeholder.
  */
 
-import {FunctionMetadata, FunctionArgument} from '../plugin/FunctionPlugin'
+import {FunctionMetadata, FunctionArgument, isFunctionArgumentOptional} from '../plugin/FunctionPlugin'
 import {CUSTOM_FUNCTION_CATEGORY, FunctionDoc, FunctionListEntry, FunctionDetails, FunctionParameterDescription} from './FunctionDescription'
 
 /** Resolves a function's display name: the translation for the active language, or the canonical id as fallback. */
@@ -33,12 +33,14 @@ type TranslateName = (canonicalName: string) => string | undefined
 export type StructuralMetadata = Pick<FunctionMetadata, 'parameters' | 'repeatLastArgs'>
 
 /**
- * Returns whether a parameter may be omitted: it declares `optionalArg`, or it has a `defaultValue`.
+ * Returns whether a parameter may be omitted. An explicit `optionalArg`
+ * declaration takes precedence; otherwise, a `defaultValue` makes the
+ * parameter optional.
  *
  * @param {FunctionArgument | undefined} arg - the structural argument metadata, or `undefined`
  */
 export function isParameterOptional(arg: FunctionArgument | undefined): boolean {
-  return arg?.optionalArg === true || arg?.defaultValue !== undefined
+  return isFunctionArgumentOptional(arg)
 }
 
 /**

diff --git a/src/interpreter/functionMetadata/categories/lookup-and-reference.ts b/src/interpreter/functionMetadata/categories/lookup-and-reference.ts
@@ -121,6 +121,13 @@ export const LOOKUP_AND_REFERENCE_DOCS: Record<string, FunctionDoc> = {
     documentationUrl: 'https://hyperformula.handsontable.com/docs/guide/built-in-functions.html',
     examples: ['=SORT(A1:A10)', '=SORT(A1:B10, 2, -1)'],
   },
+  TAKE: {
+    category: 'Lookup and reference',
+    shortDescription: 'Returns specified rows or columns from the beginning or end of an array.',
+    parameters: [{name: 'array', description: 'The array or range from which to take rows or columns.'}, {name: 'rows', description: 'The number of rows to take; a negative value takes rows from the end. An empty argument keeps all rows.'}, {name: 'columns', description: 'The number of columns to take; a negative value takes columns from the end. When omitted or empty, all columns are kept.'}],
+    documentationUrl: 'https://hyperformula.handsontable.com/docs/guide/built-in-functions.html',
+    examples: ['=TAKE(A1:C5, 2)', '=TAKE(A1:C5, -2, -1)', '=TAKE(A1:C5, , 2)'],
+  },
   TRANSPOSE: {
     category: 'Lookup and reference',
     shortDescription: 'Transposes the rows and columns of an array.',