Add DELTA and DELTADELTA transform codecs

[xiangfu0]

Stacked on #19285 (xiangfu0/codex/codec-stack/02-runtime). Part of the split of #18229.

Summary

Adds the first two transform codecs to the package-private codec runtime in
org.apache.pinot.segment.local.io.codec:

• BaseDeltaCodecDefinition — shared structure for the delta family. Both codecs are
  CodecKind.TRANSFORM stages restricted to INT/LONG stored types, and both are
  typed-layout-preserving (preservesTypedValueLayout() == true): they map count
  column-typed values to the same count same-width values with no per-frame header, so they can
  be chained ahead of another transform (or each other) and maxEncodedSize is the identity.
  Two's-complement wrap-around on encode/decode is an intentional, test-locked contract:
  overflow-adjacent sequences round-trip bit-for-bit through the wrapping -/+ arithmetic.
• DeltaCodecDefinition (DELTA) — first value verbatim, then successive deltas.
• DeltaDeltaCodecDefinition (DELTADELTA) — first value, first delta, then delta-of-deltas
  (good for near-regular timestamp intervals).

Both are registered in CodecRegistry.DEFAULT, so specs like DELTA,LZ4, DELTADELTA,ZSTD(3),
and DELTA,DELTADELTA,LZ4 now parse, validate, and execute through CodecPipelineExecutor.
The names DELTA/DELTADELTA are frozen on-disk contracts (stored verbatim in V7 segment
headers by a later PR in the stack) and must never be renamed.

Tests

• DeltaCodecRoundTripTest (new) — executor-driven round trips for DELTA, DELTADELTA,
  DELTA,LZ4, DELTADELTA,LZ4 over INT and LONG datasets: empty, single-element, two-element
  (DELTADELTA boundary), constant, monotonic, negative/sign-changing, and overflow-adjacent
  (MIN_VALUE next to MAX_VALUE) sequences; both the allocating decode path and the bounded
  decode-into (segment-reader) path. Also a fail-closed corrupt-input case: a frame whose byte
  length is not a whole number of elements is rejected on both encode and bounded decode.
• CodecPipelineValidatorTest — real-transform scenarios against CodecRegistry.DEFAULT:
  valid delta pipelines, typed-layout chaining (including DELTA,DELTA and mixed order),
  transform-after-compression rejected, INT/LONG-only type check, argument rejection, and the
  typed-value-layout contract assertions for both codecs.
• CodecRegistryTest — DELTA/DELTADELTA now resolve from DEFAULT (case-insensitive); the
  parent PR's absence assertion for unregistered codec names is left untouched.
• CompressionCodecCorruptInputTest — the multi-stage inner-frame-guard test now uses
  DELTA,SNAPPY, tightening the scratch bound to exactly the four-byte declared chunk size.
• TableConfigUtilsTest — the codecSpec feature gate still rejects a well-formed
  DELTADELTA,LZ4 config on a supported LONG column with
  "codecSpec is not supported yet for column: longCol", proving registration of the runtime
  codecs did not open the config surface.

Deliberately excluded (carried by later PRs in the stack)

• T64 and GORILLA packing transforms — next slice (04). They are the codecs with
  preservesTypedValueLayout() == false; until then the packing-placement rules remain covered
  by the synthetic PACKING handler in CodecPipelineValidatorTest.
• V7 raw forward index format (writer/reader that persists the canonical spec in segment
  headers) — slice 05.
• Opening the feature gate (config/creator/reader/reload wiring, reload change-detection via
  CodecPipelineExecutor.getCanonicalSpec()) — final slice.

Why master stays safe with only this merged

The codec runtime remains package-private and unreachable from production paths: the only public
entry point is CodecPipelineExecutor, and every config surface still throws
"codecSpec is not supported yet for column: %s" (re-asserted in this PR's TableConfigUtilsTest
addition). Registering DELTA/DELTADELTA in the closed registry adds dead-until-enabled code with
full unit coverage; no segment format, wire protocol, or config behavior changes.

Verification

./mvnw -q -T 1C install -DskipTests -Ppinot-fastdev -pl pinot-segment-local -am
./mvnw -q test -Ppinot-fastdev -pl pinot-segment-local \
  -Dtest=DeltaCodecRoundTripTest,CodecPipelineValidatorTest,CodecRegistryTest,CodecPipelineExecutorTest,CompressionCodecCorruptInputTest \
  -Dsurefire.failIfNoSpecifiedTests=false
./mvnw -q test -Ppinot-fastdev -pl pinot-segment-local -Dtest=TableConfigUtilsTest \
  -Dsurefire.failIfNoSpecifiedTests=false
./mvnw spotless:apply license:format -pl pinot-segment-local
./mvnw checkstyle:check license:check -pl pinot-segment-local

Stack (split of #18229)

1. Fix forward index reader context lifecycle #19281 — Fix forward index reader context lifecycle (merged)
2. Fix delta forward index chunk caching #19282 — Fix delta forward index chunk caching (merged)
3. Add codec spec DSL and configuration plumbing #19284 — Codec spec DSL and configuration plumbing
4. Add bounded codec runtime and compression handlers #19285 — Bounded codec runtime and compression handlers
5. Add DELTA and DELTADELTA transform codecs #19305 — DELTA and DELTADELTA transform codecs ← this PR
6. Add T64 and GORILLA packing transform codecs #19306 — T64 and GORILLA packing transform codecs
7. Add V7 raw forward index format for codec pipelines #19307 — V7 raw forward index format
8. Support codecSpec on segment reload and enable codecSpec end to end #19308 — Reload/rewrite support, gate removal (enabling PR)
9. Add codec pipeline integration tests and design doc #19309 — Integration tests and design doc

Each PR is based on its predecessor's branch; GitHub retargets the next PR as each merges.