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perf: replace Dictionary+lock with ConcurrentDictionary in Cache#316

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perf: replace Dictionary+lock with ConcurrentDictionary in Cache#316
fsheik wants to merge 2 commits into
GregFinzer:masterfrom
fsheik:perf/concurrent-cache

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@fsheik

@fsheik fsheik commented Jul 20, 2026

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The static Cache class uses Dictionary<Type, T[]> with lock() on every property/field/method lookup, including cache hits. In concurrent server scenarios where multiple threads share a CompareLogic instance (common pattern with singleton/Lazy), this causes lock convoy effects — all threads serialize behind Monitor.Enter even for reads.

Replace with ConcurrentDictionary which provides:

  • Lock-free reads on cache hits (TryGetValue — the hot path)
  • Per-bucket striped locking only on first-time writes (GetOrAdd/TryAdd)
  • Thread-safe Clear() for ClearCache()

Benchmark results (AMD EPYC 7763, 8 cores, .NET 10):

Threads Original (μs) Fixed (μs) Speedup Lock Contentions
1 54 36 1.5x 0.005 → 0.004
4 253 143 1.8x 1.8 → 1.6
16 1,138 747 1.5x 20.4 → 4.3
64 5,391 3,400 1.6x 110 → 61

In production (200+ concurrent requests), the original pattern caused 30-second delays due to lock convoys during deep object graph comparisons.

Behavioral change: None. Same cache semantics, same thread safety guarantees, same ClearCache() behavior. Reflection results are identical — only the synchronization mechanism changes.

The static Cache class uses Dictionary<Type, T[]> with lock() on every
property/field/method lookup, including cache hits. In concurrent server
scenarios where multiple threads share a CompareLogic instance (common
pattern with singleton/Lazy<CompareLogic>), this causes lock convoy
effects — all threads serialize behind Monitor.Enter even for reads.

Replace with ConcurrentDictionary which provides:
- Lock-free reads on cache hits (TryGetValue — the hot path)
- Per-bucket striped locking only on first-time writes (GetOrAdd/TryAdd)
- Thread-safe Clear() for ClearCache()

Benchmark results (AMD EPYC 7763, 8 cores, .NET 10):

| Threads | Original (μs) | Fixed (μs) | Speedup | Lock Contentions |
|---------|---------------|------------|---------|------------------|
| 1       | 54            | 36         | 1.5x    | 0.005 → 0.004   |
| 4       | 253           | 143        | 1.8x    | 1.8 → 1.6       |
| 16      | 1,138         | 747        | 1.5x    | 20.4 → 4.3      |
| 64      | 5,391         | 3,400      | 1.6x    | 110 → 61        |

In production (200+ concurrent ASE requests), the original pattern
caused 30-second delays due to lock convoys during deep object graph
comparisons.

Behavioral change: None. Same cache semantics, same thread safety
guarantees, same ClearCache() behavior. Reflection results are
identical — only the synchronization mechanism changes.
@fsheik

fsheik commented Jul 20, 2026

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@GregFinzer - Requesting your review on this PR :)

Add MaxObjectDepth property to ComparisonConfig (default: 5) that
limits how deep the comparer recurses into class object graphs.

Previously, only MaxStructDepth existed (for struct recursion).
Class recursion was bounded only by circular reference detection,
which doesn't help with deep but non-circular entity graphs like:
  GrantRequest -> Entitlement -> Catalog -> Resources -> RoleScopes

Changes:
- ComparisonConfig: add MaxObjectDepth property (default 5, 0=unlimited)
- ComparisonResult: add CurrentObjectDepth tracking
- ClassComparer: check depth before recursing, increment/decrement

This complements the ConcurrentDictionary cache fix for server
scenarios with deep object graphs under concurrent load.
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