Fix NVIDIA driver installation on Debian 12 security kernels

[nvliyuan]

Summary

• Switch Debian 12 from the CUDA 12.4 local repository's NVIDIA 550 driver to the NVIDIA online repository's pinned 580 driver branch.
• Install the headless nvidia-kernel-open-dkms and nvidia-driver-cuda packages to avoid desktop EGL/Wayland dependencies.
• Keep the CUDA toolkit at 12.4 and leave other operating-system installation paths unchanged.

Root cause

Jenkins build 1631 failed after the Dataproc Debian 12 image picked up kernel 6.1.0-52-cloud-amd64 (6.1.178). That security kernel uses the four-argument pci_resize_resource API, while the bundled NVIDIA 550 open module calls the old three-argument API and fails DKMS compilation.

Test plan

• bash -n spark-rapids/spark-rapids.sh
• git diff --check
• Created a two-worker T4 cluster using 2.3-debian12 (2.3.34-debian12) with the patched init action.
• Verified both workers on kernel 6.1.0-50-cloud-amd64 loaded NVIDIA driver 580.178.04.
• Verified /usr/local/cuda/bin/nvcc reports CUDA 12.4 on both workers.

Validation artifacts are under yuanli@spark-yuanli:~/work/csps/dataproc/v26.06/debian12-580-fix.

[gemini-code-assist]

Code Review

This pull request adds a repository-based installation path for the NVIDIA GPU driver on Debian 12 to address compatibility issues with kernel 6.1.0-52. The feedback recommends using curl with retries and downloading the keyring package to /tmp instead of using wget in the current working directory, ensuring consistency with the rest of the script and preventing workspace pollution.