diff --git a/Lib/queue.py b/Lib/queue.py
index c0b359876543f7..80db0b978b9c00 100644
--- a/Lib/queue.py
+++ b/Lib/queue.py
@@ -346,7 +346,9 @@ def get(self, block=True, timeout=None):
         available, else raise the Empty exception ('timeout' is ignored
         in that case).
         '''
-        if timeout is not None and timeout < 0:
+        if not block:
+            timeout = None
+        elif timeout is not None and timeout < 0:
             raise ValueError("'timeout' must be a non-negative number")
         if not self._count.acquire(block, timeout):
             raise Empty
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_queue.py b/Lib/test/test_queue.py
index f2898de469e349..e1a4515500625b 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_queue.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_queue.py
@@ -956,6 +956,11 @@ def test_negative_timeout_raises_exception(self):
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
             q.get(timeout=-1)
 
+    def test_nonblocking_ignores_timeout(self):
+        q = self.q
+        with self.assertRaises(self.queue.Empty):
+            q.get(block=False, timeout=-1)
+
     def test_order(self):
         # Test a pair of concurrent put() and get()
         q = self.q
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2026-08-28-00-59-00.gh-issue-156476.rQhxc7.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2026-08-28-00-59-00.gh-issue-156476.rQhxc7.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..c92fce3bc05969
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2026-08-28-00-59-00.gh-issue-156476.rQhxc7.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+The pure Python implementation of :meth:`queue.SimpleQueue.get` now ignores
+*timeout* when *block* is false, matching the documented behavior and
+the C implementation. It previously raised :exc:`ValueError`.
diff --git a/Python/codegen.c b/Python/codegen.c
index bedf3b17c52ce4..df52f2c734e69a 100644
--- a/Python/codegen.c
+++ b/Python/codegen.c
@@ -707,16 +707,8 @@ codegen_enter_scope(compiler *c, identifier name, int scope_type,
 }
 
 static int
-codegen_setup_annotations_scope(compiler *c, location loc,
-                                void *key, PyObject *name)
+codegen_emit_annotations_prologue(compiler *c, location loc)
 {
-    _PyCompile_CodeUnitMetadata umd = {
-        .u_posonlyargcount = 1,
-    };
-    RETURN_IF_ERROR(
-        codegen_enter_scope(c, name, COMPILE_SCOPE_ANNOTATIONS,
-                            key, loc.lineno, NULL, &umd));
-
     // if .format > VALUE_WITH_FAKE_GLOBALS: raise NotImplementedError
     PyObject *value_with_fake_globals = PyLong_FromLong(_Py_ANNOTATE_FORMAT_VALUE_WITH_FAKE_GLOBALS);
     if (value_with_fake_globals == NULL) {
@@ -736,6 +728,21 @@ codegen_setup_annotations_scope(compiler *c, location loc,
     return SUCCESS;
 }
 
+static int
+codegen_setup_annotations_scope(compiler *c, location loc,
+                                void *key, PyObject *name)
+{
+    _PyCompile_CodeUnitMetadata umd = {
+        .u_posonlyargcount = 1,
+    };
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+        codegen_enter_scope(c, name, COMPILE_SCOPE_ANNOTATIONS,
+                            key, loc.lineno, NULL, &umd));
+
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR_IN_SCOPE(c, codegen_emit_annotations_prologue(c, loc));
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
 static int
 codegen_rename_annotations_format_param(PyCodeObject *co)
 {