diff --git a/.changeset/great-hooks-observe.md b/.changeset/great-hooks-observe.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bd974d890
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/great-hooks-observe.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+"@solidjs/start": minor
+---
+
+Add a `serverFunctions.onError` option naming a module that observes and replaces what a server function threw, before it is serialized into the response
diff --git a/apps/tests/src/e2e/server-function.test.ts b/apps/tests/src/e2e/server-function.test.ts
index 672092e62..abb9861f7 100644
--- a/apps/tests/src/e2e/server-function.test.ts
+++ b/apps/tests/src/e2e/server-function.test.ts
@@ -155,4 +155,17 @@ test.describe("server-function", () => {
       );
     }).toPass({ timeout: 15000 });
   });
+
+  test("should send the error the onError module returns in place of the thrown one", async ({
+    page,
+  }) => {
+    await page.goto("http://localhost:3000/server-function-on-error");
+    // Retry the click until it registers post-hydration (clicks aren't auto-retried).
+    await expect(async () => {
+      await page.locator("#server-fn-test").click();
+      await expect(page.locator("#server-fn-test")).toContainText("replaced by onError", {
+        timeout: 1000,
+      });
+    }).toPass({ timeout: 15000 });
+  });
 });
diff --git a/apps/tests/src/routes/server-function-on-error.tsx b/apps/tests/src/routes/server-function-on-error.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d74125a32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/tests/src/routes/server-function-on-error.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+async function serverFnThrowsReplaceable() {
+  "use server";
+
+  // `src/server-fn-error.ts` swaps this one out for a different error before it
+  // is serialized, which is what the client below should end up displaying.
+  throw new Error("replace me");
+}
+
+export default function App() {
+  return (
+    <main>
+      <span
+        id="server-fn-test"
+        onClick={evt => {
+          const el = evt.target as HTMLElement;
+          serverFnThrowsReplaceable().then(
+            () => {
+              el.textContent = "no error";
+            },
+            err => {
+              el.textContent = err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err);
+            },
+          );
+        }}
+      >
+        Click me
+      </span>
+    </main>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/apps/tests/src/server-fn-error.ts b/apps/tests/src/server-fn-error.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..25d08c3ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/tests/src/server-fn-error.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+import type { ServerFunctionErrorHandler } from "@solidjs/start/server";
+
+/**
+ * Wired up through `serverFunctions.onError`. Unlike `seroval-plugins.ts` this
+ * module is bundled into the server only, so it may reach for server-only code.
+ *
+ * Returning `undefined` sends whatever was thrown, which is what leaves the
+ * other server-function error tests in this app seeing their own errors.
+ */
+const onServerFunctionError: ServerFunctionErrorHandler = thrown => {
+  if (thrown instanceof Error && thrown.message === "replace me") {
+    return new Error("replaced by onError");
+  }
+  return undefined;
+};
+
+export default onServerFunctionError;
diff --git a/apps/tests/vite.config.ts b/apps/tests/vite.config.ts
index dfb3367fe..e7baed41b 100644
--- a/apps/tests/vite.config.ts
+++ b/apps/tests/vite.config.ts
@@ -11,6 +11,9 @@ export default defineConfig({
       serialization: {
         plugins: "src/seroval-plugins.ts",
       },
+      serverFunctions: {
+        onError: "src/server-fn-error.ts",
+      },
       env: {
         server: {
           load() {
diff --git a/packages/start/src/config/constants.ts b/packages/start/src/config/constants.ts
index 33bdd12a2..c81847133 100644
--- a/packages/start/src/config/constants.ts
+++ b/packages/start/src/config/constants.ts
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ export const VIRTUAL_MODULES = {
   middleware: "solid-start:middleware",
   serovalPlugins: "solid-start:seroval-plugins",
   serverFnManifest: "solid-start:server-fn-manifest",
+  serverFnErrorHandler: "solid-start:server-fn-error-handler",
   clientEntry: "solid-start:client-entry",
   serverEntry: "solid-start:server-entry",
   app: "solid-start:app",
diff --git a/packages/start/src/config/index.ts b/packages/start/src/config/index.ts
index 73527bf8d..b29609f2c 100644
--- a/packages/start/src/config/index.ts
+++ b/packages/start/src/config/index.ts
@@ -144,7 +144,24 @@ export interface SolidStartOptions {
    * Options controlling which files are processed as server functions
    * (inclusion / exclusion filters for the `"use server"` transform).
    */
-  serverFunctions?: Pick<ServerFunctionsOptions, "filter">;
+  serverFunctions?: Pick<ServerFunctionsOptions, "filter"> & {
+    /**
+     * Path to a module whose default export is called with whatever a server
+     * function threw, before it is serialized into the response. Return a
+     * value to send it in place of what was thrown, or `undefined` to send the
+     * original.
+     *
+     * Naming the module here rather than registering a handler at runtime
+     * keeps the app in sole control of it: no dependency can reach into the
+     * running server and take over reporting.
+     *
+     * The module is bundled into the server only, so it may import server-only
+     * code such as a monitoring SDK.
+     *
+     * @example "src/server-fn-error.ts"
+     */
+    onError?: string;
+  };
 }
 
 const absolute = (path: string, root: string) =>
diff --git a/packages/start/src/config/manifest.ts b/packages/start/src/config/manifest.ts
index 5ffa2041b..6f90c2f54 100644
--- a/packages/start/src/config/manifest.ts
+++ b/packages/start/src/config/manifest.ts
@@ -41,6 +41,11 @@ export function manifest(start: SolidStartOptions): PluginOption {
         if (plugins) return await this.resolve(plugins);
         return `\0${VIRTUAL_MODULES.serovalPlugins}`;
       }
+      if (id === VIRTUAL_MODULES.serverFnErrorHandler) {
+        const onError = start.serverFunctions?.onError;
+        if (onError) return await this.resolve(onError);
+        return `\0${VIRTUAL_MODULES.serverFnErrorHandler}`;
+      }
     },
     async load(id) {
       if (id === `\0${VIRTUAL_MODULES.clientViteManifest}`) {
@@ -94,6 +99,8 @@ export function manifest(start: SolidStartOptions): PluginOption {
         return `export const clientViteManifest = ${JSON.stringify(clientViteManifest)};`;
       } else if (id === `\0${VIRTUAL_MODULES.middleware}`) return "export default {};";
       else if (id === `\0${VIRTUAL_MODULES.serovalPlugins}`) return "export default [];";
+      else if (id === `\0${VIRTUAL_MODULES.serverFnErrorHandler}`)
+        return "export default undefined;";
       else if (id.startsWith("/@manifest")) {
         if (this.environment.mode !== "dev")
           throw new Error("@manifest queries are only allowed in dev");
diff --git a/packages/start/src/fns/error-handler.ts b/packages/start/src/fns/error-handler.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ce98ee4e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/start/src/fns/error-handler.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+import onServerFunctionError from "solid-start:server-fn-error-handler";
+
+export type ServerFunctionErrorHandler = (thrown: unknown) => unknown;
+
+/** @internal */
+export function applyServerFunctionErrorHandler(thrown: unknown): unknown {
+  return onServerFunctionError?.(thrown) ?? thrown;
+}
diff --git a/packages/start/src/fns/handler.spec.ts b/packages/start/src/fns/handler.spec.ts
index 16d2726cc..f4a44324d 100644
--- a/packages/start/src/fns/handler.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/start/src/fns/handler.spec.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 import { describe, expect, it, vi, beforeEach } from "vitest";
 import { parseCookies } from "h3";
 import type { FetchEvent } from "../server/types.ts";
+import { getFetchEvent } from "../server/fetchEvent.ts";
+import { getServerFunction } from "./registration.ts";
 
 vi.mock("h3", () => ({
   parseCookies: vi.fn(() => ({})),
@@ -16,6 +18,16 @@ vi.mock("solid-js/web/storage", () => ({
 
 vi.mock("solid-start:server-fn-manifest", () => ({}));
 
+const configuredErrorHandler = vi.hoisted(() => ({
+  current: undefined as ((thrown: unknown) => unknown) | undefined,
+}));
+
+vi.mock("solid-start:server-fn-error-handler", () => ({
+  get default() {
+    return configuredErrorHandler.current;
+  },
+}));
+
 vi.mock("../server/handler.ts", () => ({
   createPageEvent: vi.fn(),
 }));
@@ -25,6 +37,16 @@ vi.mock("../server/fetchEvent.ts", () => ({
   mergeResponseHeaders: vi.fn(),
 }));
 
+vi.mock("./registration.ts", () => ({
+  getServerFunction: vi.fn(),
+  hasServerFunction: vi.fn(() => true),
+}));
+
+vi.mock("./serialization.ts", () => ({
+  serializeToJSONStream: vi.fn(() => "serialized"),
+  serializeToJSStream: vi.fn(() => "serialized"),
+}));
+
 function createMockFetchEvent(
   headers: Record<string, string> = {},
   setCookies: string[] = [],
@@ -158,3 +180,70 @@ describe("createSingleFlightHeaders", () => {
     expect(() => createSingleFlightHeaders(sourceEvent, { some: "value" })).not.toThrow();
   });
 });
+
+describe("the configured server function error handler", () => {
+  const callThrowing = async (thrown: unknown) => {
+    const request = new Request("http://localhost/_server", {
+      method: "POST",
+      headers: { "X-Server-Id": "fn", "X-Server-Instance": "server-fn:1" },
+    });
+    const h3Event = { res: { headers: new Headers(), status: 200 } };
+    vi.mocked(getFetchEvent).mockReturnValue({
+      request,
+      response: { headers: { getSetCookie: () => [] } },
+      nativeEvent: h3Event,
+      locals: {},
+    } as unknown as FetchEvent);
+    vi.mocked(getServerFunction).mockReturnValue(() => {
+      throw thrown;
+    });
+    const { handleServerFunction } = await import("./handler.ts");
+    await handleServerFunction(h3Event as never);
+    return h3Event;
+  };
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks();
+    configuredErrorHandler.current = undefined;
+  });
+
+  it("passes the thrown value to the handler", async () => {
+    const thrown = new Error("boom");
+    configuredErrorHandler.current = vi.fn(() => undefined);
+
+    await callThrowing(thrown);
+
+    expect(configuredErrorHandler.current).toHaveBeenCalledWith(thrown);
+  });
+
+  it("serializes the replacement the handler returns", async () => {
+    configuredErrorHandler.current = () => new Error("replaced");
+
+    const h3Event = await callThrowing(new Error("boom"));
+
+    expect(h3Event.res.headers.get("X-Error")).toBe("replaced");
+  });
+
+  it("treats a Response the handler returns as control flow", async () => {
+    configuredErrorHandler.current = () => new Response(null, { status: 403 });
+
+    const h3Event = await callThrowing(new Error("boom"));
+
+    expect(h3Event.res.status).toBe(403);
+    expect(h3Event.res.headers.get("X-Error")).toBe("true");
+  });
+
+  it("keeps the original error when the handler returns nothing", async () => {
+    configuredErrorHandler.current = () => undefined;
+
+    const h3Event = await callThrowing(new Error("boom"));
+
+    expect(h3Event.res.headers.get("X-Error")).toBe("boom");
+  });
+
+  it("leaves the response untouched when no handler is configured", async () => {
+    const h3Event = await callThrowing(new Error("boom"));
+
+    expect(h3Event.res.headers.get("X-Error")).toBe("boom");
+  });
+});
diff --git a/packages/start/src/fns/handler.ts b/packages/start/src/fns/handler.ts
index 2683087a9..135ce497c 100644
--- a/packages/start/src/fns/handler.ts
+++ b/packages/start/src/fns/handler.ts
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import { BODY_FORMAT_KEY, BodyFormat, extractBody, getHeadersAndBody } from "./s
 import "solid-start:server-fn-manifest";
 
 import { getServerFunction, hasServerFunction } from "./registration.ts";
+import { applyServerFunctionErrorHandler } from "./error-handler.ts";
 import type { FetchEvent, PageEvent } from "../server/types.ts";
 import { getExpectedRedirectStatus } from "../server/util.ts";
 
@@ -126,6 +127,7 @@ export async function handleServerFunction(h3Event: H3Event) {
     }
     return serializeToJSONStream(result);
   } catch (x) {
+    x = applyServerFunctionErrorHandler(x);
     if (x instanceof Response) {
       if (singleFlight && instance) {
         x = await handleSingleFlight(event, x);
diff --git a/packages/start/src/server/index.tsx b/packages/start/src/server/index.tsx
index f7b1be5e3..1f904de6e 100644
--- a/packages/start/src/server/index.tsx
+++ b/packages/start/src/server/index.tsx
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ export { getServerFunctionMeta } from "../shared/serverFunction.ts";
 export { StartServer } from "./StartServer.tsx";
 export { decorateHandler, decorateMiddleware } from "./fetchEvent.ts";
 export { createHandler } from "./handler.ts";
+export type { ServerFunctionErrorHandler } from "../fns/error-handler.ts";
 
 export type {
   APIEvent,
diff --git a/packages/start/src/virtual.d.ts b/packages/start/src/virtual.d.ts
index d62ced0cd..c7b55d783 100644
--- a/packages/start/src/virtual.d.ts
+++ b/packages/start/src/virtual.d.ts
@@ -29,3 +29,9 @@ declare module "solid-start:middleware" {
 declare module "solid-start:seroval-plugins" {
   export default SerovalPlugins as import("seroval").Plugin<any, any>[];
 }
+
+declare module "solid-start:server-fn-error-handler" {
+  export default ServerFunctionErrorHandler as
+    | import("./fns/error-handler.ts").ServerFunctionErrorHandler
+    | undefined;
+}