exceptions.py

class CustomError(Exception):
    """Base class for other exceptions."""
    pass

class ValidationError(CustomError):
    """Raised when a validation error occurs."""
    def __init__(self, message, field):
        self.message = message
        self.field = field
        super().__init__(self.message)

class DatabaseError(CustomError):
    """Raised for database related issues."""
    def __init__(self, message, query):
        self.message = message
        self.query = query
        super().__init__(self.message)

class NotFoundError(CustomError):
    """Raised when a resource is not found."""
    def __init__(self, resource):
        self.resource = resource
        self.message = f'{resource} not found'
        super().__init__(self.message)

class TimeoutError(CustomError):
    """Raised when an operation exceeds time limits."""
    def __init__(self, message, duration):
        self.message = message
        self.duration = duration
        super().__init__(self.message)