diff --git a/tieredstore/src/main/java/org/apache/rocketmq/tieredstore/index/IndexStoreService.java b/tieredstore/src/main/java/org/apache/rocketmq/tieredstore/index/IndexStoreService.java
index 74f2b94afa8..6a56bca2b6b 100644
--- a/tieredstore/src/main/java/org/apache/rocketmq/tieredstore/index/IndexStoreService.java
+++ b/tieredstore/src/main/java/org/apache/rocketmq/tieredstore/index/IndexStoreService.java
@@ -211,8 +211,9 @@ public AppendResult putKey(
             return AppendResult.SUCCESS;
         }
 
+        AppendResult result = AppendResult.UNKNOWN_ERROR;
         for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
-            AppendResult result = this.currentWriteFile.putKey(
+            result = this.currentWriteFile.putKey(
                 topic, topicId, queueId, keySet, offset, size, timestamp);
 
             if (AppendResult.SUCCESS.equals(result)) {
@@ -225,7 +226,7 @@ public AppendResult putKey(
 
         log.error("IndexStoreService#putKey, put key three times return error, topic={}, topicId={}, queueId={}, keySize={}, timestamp={}",
             topic, topicId, queueId, keySet.size(), timestamp);
-        return AppendResult.SUCCESS;
+        return result;
     }
 
     @Override
diff --git a/tieredstore/src/test/java/org/apache/rocketmq/tieredstore/index/IndexStoreServiceTest.java b/tieredstore/src/test/java/org/apache/rocketmq/tieredstore/index/IndexStoreServiceTest.java
index 0d849d5927f..ba75a60772b 100644
--- a/tieredstore/src/test/java/org/apache/rocketmq/tieredstore/index/IndexStoreServiceTest.java
+++ b/tieredstore/src/test/java/org/apache/rocketmq/tieredstore/index/IndexStoreServiceTest.java
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@
 import org.junit.Assert;
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
+import org.mockito.Mockito;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
@@ -110,6 +111,22 @@ public void basicServiceTest() throws InterruptedException {
         Assert.assertEquals(3, timeStoreTable.size());
     }
 
+    @Test
+    public void putKeyReturnsFileFullAfterRetriesExhausted() throws IllegalAccessException {
+        IndexStoreService service = Mockito.spy(new IndexStoreService(fileAllocator, filePath, false));
+        IndexFile fullIndexFile = Mockito.mock(IndexFile.class);
+        Mockito.when(fullIndexFile.putKey(
+            TOPIC_NAME, TOPIC_ID, QUEUE_ID, KEY_SET, MESSAGE_OFFSET, MESSAGE_SIZE, 1L))
+            .thenReturn(AppendResult.FILE_FULL);
+        FieldUtils.writeField(service, "currentWriteFile", fullIndexFile, true);
+        Mockito.doNothing().when(service).createNewIndexFile(Mockito.anyLong());
+
+        Assert.assertEquals(AppendResult.FILE_FULL, service.putKey(
+            TOPIC_NAME, TOPIC_ID, QUEUE_ID, KEY_SET, MESSAGE_OFFSET, MESSAGE_SIZE, 1L));
+        Mockito.verify(fullIndexFile, Mockito.times(3)).putKey(
+            TOPIC_NAME, TOPIC_ID, QUEUE_ID, KEY_SET, MESSAGE_OFFSET, MESSAGE_SIZE, 1L);
+    }
+
     @Test
     public void doConvertOldFormatTest() throws IOException {
         indexService = new IndexStoreService(fileAllocator, filePath);
@@ -392,4 +409,4 @@ public void queryCrossFileBoundaryTest() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionE
 
         Assert.assertFalse("Should find index items from file covering query range", results.isEmpty());
     }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}