diff --git a/.github/workflows/vector-plugins.yml b/.github/workflows/vector-plugins.yml
index cc57e97ffd..93cb8ff87f 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/vector-plugins.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/vector-plugins.yml
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        java: [ '17' ]
+        java: [ '17', '21', '25' ]
         codes: [ 'uncompressed' ]
     name: Build Parquet with JDK ${{ matrix.java }} and ${{ matrix.codes }}
 
@@ -46,7 +46,14 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           EXTRA_JAVA_TEST_ARGS=$(./mvnw help:evaluate -Dexpression=extraJavaTestArgs -q -DforceStdout)
           export MAVEN_OPTS="$MAVEN_OPTS $EXTRA_JAVA_TEST_ARGS"
-          ./mvnw install --batch-mode -Pvector-plugins -DskipTests=true -Dmaven.javadoc.skip=true -Dsource.skip=true -Dmaven.buildNumber.skip=true -Djava.version=${{ matrix.java }} -pl parquet-plugins/parquet-encoding-vector,parquet-plugins/parquet-plugins-benchmarks -am
+          # Spotless check uses palantir-java-format which relies on internal javac APIs
+          # that are not available on all JDK versions (e.g. JDK 25+). Since the formatting
+          # result is JDK-independent, running the check on JDK 17 alone is sufficient.
+          SPOTLESS_ARGS=""
+          if [ "${{ matrix.java }}" != "17" ]; then
+            SPOTLESS_ARGS="-Dspotless.check.skip=true"
+          fi
+          ./mvnw install --batch-mode -Pvector-plugins -DskipTests=true -Dmaven.javadoc.skip=true -Dsource.skip=true -Dmaven.buildNumber.skip=true $SPOTLESS_ARGS -Djava.version=${{ matrix.java }} -pl parquet-plugins/parquet-encoding-vector,parquet-plugins/parquet-plugins-benchmarks -am
       - name: verify
         env:
           TEST_CODECS: ${{ matrix.codes }}
@@ -54,4 +61,11 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           EXTRA_JAVA_TEST_ARGS=$(./mvnw help:evaluate -Dexpression=extraJavaTestArgs -q -DforceStdout)
           export MAVEN_OPTS="$MAVEN_OPTS $EXTRA_JAVA_TEST_ARGS"
-          ./mvnw verify --batch-mode -Pvector-plugins javadoc:javadoc -pl parquet-plugins/parquet-encoding-vector,parquet-plugins/parquet-plugins-benchmarks -am
+          # Spotless check uses palantir-java-format which relies on internal javac APIs
+          # that are not available on all JDK versions (e.g. JDK 25+). Since the formatting
+          # result is JDK-independent, running the check on JDK 17 alone is sufficient.
+          SPOTLESS_ARGS=""
+          if [ "${{ matrix.java }}" != "17" ]; then
+            SPOTLESS_ARGS="-Dspotless.check.skip=true"
+          fi
+          ./mvnw verify --batch-mode -Pvector-plugins javadoc:javadoc $SPOTLESS_ARGS -pl parquet-plugins/parquet-encoding-vector,parquet-plugins/parquet-plugins-benchmarks -am
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index ad049afc9e..c02d0f2222 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 *.class
 .project
 .classpath
+.factorypath
 .settings
 target
 # Package Files #
@@ -20,5 +21,4 @@ target/
 mvn_install.log
 .vscode/*
 .DS_Store
-.memsearch/
 
diff --git a/parquet-plugins/parquet-encoding-vector/src/main/java/org/apache/parquet/column/values/bitpacking/ByteBitPacking512VectorLE.java b/parquet-plugins/parquet-encoding-vector/src/main/java/org/apache/parquet/column/values/bitpacking/ByteBitPacking512VectorLE.java
index eb1690a4e1..caf7686f16 100644
--- a/parquet-plugins/parquet-encoding-vector/src/main/java/org/apache/parquet/column/values/bitpacking/ByteBitPacking512VectorLE.java
+++ b/parquet-plugins/parquet-encoding-vector/src/main/java/org/apache/parquet/column/values/bitpacking/ByteBitPacking512VectorLE.java
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ public final void unpackValuesUsingVector(final byte[] in, final int inPos, fina
 
     public final void unpackValuesUsingVector(
         final ByteBuffer in, final int inPos, final int[] out, final int outPos) {
-      ByteVector byteVector = ByteVector.fromByteBuffer(BYTE_SPECIES_64, in, inPos, in.order());
+      ByteVector byteVector = fromByteBuffer(BYTE_SPECIES_64, in, inPos);
       ShortVector tempRes = byteVector
           .castShape(SHORT_SPECIES_512, 0)
           .reinterpretAsBytes()
@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ public final void unpackValuesUsingVector(final byte[] in, final int inPos, fina
 
     public final void unpackValuesUsingVector(
         final ByteBuffer in, final int inPos, final int[] out, final int outPos) {
-      ByteVector byteVector = ByteVector.fromByteBuffer(BYTE_SPECIES, in, inPos, in.order());
+      ByteVector byteVector = fromByteBuffer(BYTE_SPECIES, in, inPos);
       ShortVector tempRes = byteVector
           .castShape(LONG_SPECIES, 0)
           .reinterpretAsBytes()
@@ -377,9 +377,8 @@ public final void unpackValuesUsingVector(final byte[] in, final int inPos, fina
 
     public final void unpackValuesUsingVector(
         final ByteBuffer in, final int inPos, final int[] out, final int outPos) {
-      ByteVector byteVector = ByteVector.fromByteBuffer(B128, in, inPos, in.order())
-          .castShape(S512, 0)
-          .reinterpretAsBytes();
+      ByteVector byteVector =
+          fromByteBuffer(B128, in, inPos, inp_mask).castShape(S512, 0).reinterpretAsBytes();
       ShortVector tempRes1 = byteVector
           .rearrange(perm_mask0)
           .reinterpretAsShorts()
@@ -466,7 +465,7 @@ public final void unpackValuesUsingVector(final byte[] in, final int inPos, fina
 
     public final void unpackValuesUsingVector(
         final ByteBuffer in, final int inPos, final int[] out, final int outPos) {
-      ByteVector byteVector = ByteVector.fromByteBuffer(BSPECIES, in, inPos, in.order());
+      ByteVector byteVector = fromByteBuffer(BSPECIES, in, inPos);
       ShortVector tempRes = byteVector
           .castShape(ISPECIES, 0)
           .reinterpretAsBytes()
@@ -582,9 +581,8 @@ public final void unpackValuesUsingVector(final byte[] in, final int inPos, fina
 
     public final void unpackValuesUsingVector(
         final ByteBuffer in, final int inPos, final int[] out, final int outPos) {
-      ByteVector byteVector = ByteVector.fromByteBuffer(B256, in, inPos, in.order(), inp_mask)
-          .castShape(S512, 0)
-          .reinterpretAsBytes();
+      ByteVector byteVector =
+          fromByteBuffer(B256, in, inPos, inp_mask).castShape(S512, 0).reinterpretAsBytes();
 
       ShortVector tempRes1 = byteVector
           .rearrange(perm_mask0)
@@ -705,9 +703,8 @@ public final void unpackValuesUsingVector(final byte[] in, final int inPos, fina
 
     public final void unpackValuesUsingVector(
         final ByteBuffer in, final int inPos, final int[] out, final int outPos) {
-      ByteVector byteVector = ByteVector.fromByteBuffer(B256, in, inPos, in.order(), inp_mask)
-          .castShape(S512, 0)
-          .reinterpretAsBytes();
+      ByteVector byteVector =
+          fromByteBuffer(B256, in, inPos, inp_mask).castShape(S512, 0).reinterpretAsBytes();
 
       ShortVector tempRes1 = byteVector
           .rearrange(perm_mask0)
@@ -827,9 +824,8 @@ public final void unpackValuesUsingVector(final byte[] in, final int inPos, fina
 
     public final void unpackValuesUsingVector(
         final ByteBuffer in, final int inPos, final int[] out, final int outPos) {
-      ByteVector byteVector = ByteVector.fromByteBuffer(B256, in, inPos, in.order(), inp_mask)
-          .castShape(S512, 0)
-          .reinterpretAsBytes();
+      ByteVector byteVector =
+          fromByteBuffer(B256, in, inPos, inp_mask).castShape(S512, 0).reinterpretAsBytes();
       ShortVector tempRes1 = byteVector
           .rearrange(perm_mask0)
           .reinterpretAsShorts()
@@ -914,7 +910,7 @@ public final void unpackValuesUsingVector(final byte[] in, final int inPos, fina
 
     public final void unpackValuesUsingVector(
         final ByteBuffer in, final int inPos, final int[] out, final int outPos) {
-      ByteVector byteVector = ByteVector.fromByteBuffer(B512, in, inPos, in.order());
+      ByteVector byteVector = fromByteBuffer(B512, in, inPos);
       byteVector
           .castShape(ISPECIES, 0)
           .lanewise(VectorOperators.AND, 255)
@@ -1004,7 +1000,7 @@ public final void unpackValuesUsingVector(final byte[] in, final int inPos, fina
 
     public final void unpackValuesUsingVector(
         final ByteBuffer in, final int inPos, final int[] out, final int outPos) {
-      ByteVector byteVector = ByteVector.fromByteBuffer(B512, in, inPos, in.order(), inp_mask);
+      ByteVector byteVector = fromByteBuffer(B512, in, inPos, inp_mask);
       ShortVector tempRes1 = byteVector
           .rearrange(perm_mask0)
           .reinterpretAsShorts()
@@ -1084,7 +1080,7 @@ public final void unpackValuesUsingVector(final byte[] in, final int inPos, fina
 
     public final void unpackValuesUsingVector(
         final ByteBuffer in, final int inPos, final int[] out, final int outPos) {
-      ByteVector byteVector = ByteVector.fromByteBuffer(B512, in, inPos, in.order());
+      ByteVector byteVector = fromByteBuffer(B512, in, inPos);
       ShortVector tempRes1 = byteVector
           .rearrange(perm_mask0)
           .reinterpretAsShorts()
@@ -1194,7 +1190,7 @@ public final void unpackValuesUsingVector(final byte[] in, final int inPos, fina
 
     public final void unpackValuesUsingVector(
         final ByteBuffer in, final int inPos, final int[] out, final int outPos) {
-      ByteVector byteVector = ByteVector.fromByteBuffer(B512, in, inPos, in.order(), inp_mask);
+      ByteVector byteVector = fromByteBuffer(B512, in, inPos, inp_mask);
       ShortVector tempRes1 = byteVector
           .rearrange(perm_mask0)
           .reinterpretAsShorts()
@@ -1280,7 +1276,7 @@ public final void unpackValuesUsingVector(final byte[] in, final int inPos, fina
 
     public final void unpackValuesUsingVector(
         final ByteBuffer in, final int inPos, final int[] out, final int outPos) {
-      ByteVector byteVector = ByteVector.fromByteBuffer(B512, in, inPos, in.order());
+      ByteVector byteVector = fromByteBuffer(B512, in, inPos);
       ShortVector tempRes1 = byteVector
           .rearrange(perm_mask0)
           .reinterpretAsShorts()
@@ -1388,7 +1384,7 @@ public final void unpackValuesUsingVector(final byte[] in, final int inPos, fina
 
     public final void unpackValuesUsingVector(
         final ByteBuffer in, final int inPos, final int[] out, final int outPos) {
-      ByteVector byteVector = ByteVector.fromByteBuffer(B512, in, inPos, in.order(), inp_mask);
+      ByteVector byteVector = fromByteBuffer(B512, in, inPos, inp_mask);
       ShortVector tempRes1 = byteVector
           .rearrange(perm_mask0)
           .reinterpretAsShorts()
@@ -1512,7 +1508,7 @@ public final void unpackValuesUsingVector(final byte[] in, final int inPos, fina
 
     public final void unpackValuesUsingVector(
         final ByteBuffer in, final int inPos, final int[] out, final int outPos) {
-      ByteVector byteVector = ByteVector.fromByteBuffer(B512, in, inPos, in.order(), inp_mask);
+      ByteVector byteVector = fromByteBuffer(B512, in, inPos, inp_mask);
       ShortVector tempRes1 = byteVector
           .rearrange(perm_mask0)
           .reinterpretAsShorts()
@@ -1630,7 +1626,7 @@ public final void unpackValuesUsingVector(final byte[] in, final int inPos, fina
 
     public final void unpackValuesUsingVector(
         final ByteBuffer in, final int inPos, final int[] out, final int outPos) {
-      ByteVector byteVector = ByteVector.fromByteBuffer(B512, in, inPos, in.order(), inp_mask);
+      ByteVector byteVector = fromByteBuffer(B512, in, inPos, inp_mask);
       ShortVector tempRes1 = byteVector
           .rearrange(perm_mask0)
           .reinterpretAsShorts()
@@ -1703,7 +1699,7 @@ public final void unpackValuesUsingVector(final byte[] in, final int inPos, fina
 
     public final void unpackValuesUsingVector(
         final ByteBuffer in, final int inPos, final int[] out, final int outPos) {
-      ByteVector byteVector = ByteVector.fromByteBuffer(B512, in, inPos, in.order(), inp_mask);
+      ByteVector byteVector = fromByteBuffer(B512, in, inPos, inp_mask);
       ShortVector shortVector = byteVector.reinterpretAsShorts();
       shortVector
           .castShape(I512, 0)
@@ -1783,7 +1779,7 @@ public final void unpackValuesUsingVector(final byte[] in, final int inPos, fina
 
     public final void unpackValuesUsingVector(
         final ByteBuffer in, final int inPos, final int[] out, final int outPos) {
-      ByteVector byteVector = ByteVector.fromByteBuffer(B512, in, inPos, in.order(), inp_mask);
+      ByteVector byteVector = fromByteBuffer(B512, in, inPos, inp_mask);
       IntVector tempRes1 = byteVector
           .rearrange(perm_mask0)
           .reinterpretAsInts()
@@ -1866,7 +1862,7 @@ public final void unpackValuesUsingVector(final byte[] in, final int inPos, fina
 
     public final void unpackValuesUsingVector(
         final ByteBuffer in, final int inPos, final int[] out, final int outPos) {
-      ByteVector byteVector = ByteVector.fromByteBuffer(B512, in, inPos, in.order(), inp_mask);
+      ByteVector byteVector = fromByteBuffer(B512, in, inPos, inp_mask);
       IntVector tempRes1 = byteVector
           .rearrange(perm_mask0)
           .reinterpretAsInts()
@@ -1944,7 +1940,7 @@ public final void unpackValuesUsingVector(final byte[] in, final int inPos, fina
 
     public final void unpackValuesUsingVector(
         final ByteBuffer in, final int inPos, final int[] out, final int outPos) {
-      ByteVector byteVector = ByteVector.fromByteBuffer(B512, in, inPos, in.order(), inp_mask);
+      ByteVector byteVector = fromByteBuffer(B512, in, inPos, inp_mask);
       IntVector tempRes1 = byteVector
           .rearrange(perm_mask0)
           .reinterpretAsInts()
@@ -2022,7 +2018,7 @@ public final void unpackValuesUsingVector(final byte[] in, final int inPos, fina
 
     public final void unpackValuesUsingVector(
         final ByteBuffer in, final int inPos, final int[] out, final int outPos) {
-      ByteVector byteVector = ByteVector.fromByteBuffer(B512, in, inPos, in.order(), inp_mask);
+      ByteVector byteVector = fromByteBuffer(B512, in, inPos, inp_mask);
       IntVector tempRes1 = byteVector
           .rearrange(perm_mask0)
           .reinterpretAsInts()
@@ -2102,7 +2098,7 @@ public final void unpackValuesUsingVector(final byte[] in, final int inPos, fina
 
     public final void unpackValuesUsingVector(
         final ByteBuffer in, final int inPos, final int[] out, final int outPos) {
-      ByteVector byteVector = ByteVector.fromByteBuffer(B512, in, inPos, in.order(), inp_mask);
+      ByteVector byteVector = fromByteBuffer(B512, in, inPos, inp_mask);
       IntVector tempRes1 = byteVector
           .rearrange(perm_mask0)
           .reinterpretAsInts()
@@ -2182,7 +2178,7 @@ public final void unpackValuesUsingVector(final byte[] in, final int inPos, fina
 
     public final void unpackValuesUsingVector(
         final ByteBuffer in, final int inPos, final int[] out, final int outPos) {
-      ByteVector byteVector = ByteVector.fromByteBuffer(B512, in, inPos, in.order(), inp_mask);
+      ByteVector byteVector = fromByteBuffer(B512, in, inPos, inp_mask);
       IntVector tempRes1 = byteVector
           .rearrange(perm_mask0)
           .reinterpretAsInts()
@@ -2261,7 +2257,7 @@ public final void unpackValuesUsingVector(final byte[] in, final int inPos, fina
 
     public final void unpackValuesUsingVector(
         final ByteBuffer in, final int inPos, final int[] out, final int outPos) {
-      ByteVector byteVector = ByteVector.fromByteBuffer(B512, in, inPos, in.order(), inp_mask);
+      ByteVector byteVector = fromByteBuffer(B512, in, inPos, inp_mask);
       IntVector tempRes1 = byteVector
           .rearrange(perm_mask0)
           .reinterpretAsInts()
@@ -2332,7 +2328,7 @@ public final void unpackValuesUsingVector(final byte[] in, final int inPos, fina
 
     public final void unpackValuesUsingVector(
         final ByteBuffer in, final int inPos, final int[] out, final int outPos) {
-      ByteVector byteVector = ByteVector.fromByteBuffer(B512, in, inPos, in.order(), inp_mask);
+      ByteVector byteVector = fromByteBuffer(B512, in, inPos, inp_mask);
       IntVector tempRes1 =
           byteVector.rearrange(perm_mask0).reinterpretAsInts().lanewise(VectorOperators.AND, 16777215);
       tempRes1.intoArray(out, outPos, out_mask);
@@ -2407,7 +2403,7 @@ public final void unpackValuesUsingVector(final byte[] in, final int inPos, fina
 
     public final void unpackValuesUsingVector(
         final ByteBuffer in, final int inPos, final int[] out, final int outPos) {
-      ByteVector byteVector = ByteVector.fromByteBuffer(B512, in, inPos, in.order(), inp_mask);
+      ByteVector byteVector = fromByteBuffer(B512, in, inPos, inp_mask);
       IntVector tempRes1 = byteVector
           .rearrange(perm_mask0)
           .reinterpretAsInts()
@@ -2486,7 +2482,7 @@ public final void unpackValuesUsingVector(final byte[] in, final int inPos, fina
 
     public final void unpackValuesUsingVector(
         final ByteBuffer in, final int inPos, final int[] out, final int outPos) {
-      ByteVector byteVector = ByteVector.fromByteBuffer(B512, in, inPos, in.order(), inp_mask);
+      ByteVector byteVector = fromByteBuffer(B512, in, inPos, inp_mask);
       IntVector tempRes1 = byteVector
           .rearrange(perm_mask0)
           .reinterpretAsInts()
@@ -2603,7 +2599,7 @@ public final void unpackValuesUsingVector(final byte[] in, final int inPos, fina
 
     public final void unpackValuesUsingVector(
         final ByteBuffer in, final int inPos, final int[] out, final int outPos) {
-      ByteVector byteVector = ByteVector.fromByteBuffer(B512, in, inPos, in.order(), inp_mask);
+      ByteVector byteVector = fromByteBuffer(B512, in, inPos, inp_mask);
       IntVector tempRes1 = byteVector
           .rearrange(perm_mask0)
           .reinterpretAsInts()
@@ -2718,7 +2714,7 @@ public final void unpackValuesUsingVector(final byte[] in, final int inPos, fina
 
     public final void unpackValuesUsingVector(
         final ByteBuffer in, final int inPos, final int[] out, final int outPos) {
-      ByteVector byteVector = ByteVector.fromByteBuffer(B512, in, inPos, in.order(), inp_mask);
+      ByteVector byteVector = fromByteBuffer(B512, in, inPos, inp_mask);
       IntVector tempRes1 = byteVector
           .rearrange(perm_mask0)
           .reinterpretAsInts()
@@ -2832,7 +2828,7 @@ public final void unpackValuesUsingVector(final byte[] in, final int inPos, fina
 
     public final void unpackValuesUsingVector(
         final ByteBuffer in, final int inPos, final int[] out, final int outPos) {
-      ByteVector byteVector = ByteVector.fromByteBuffer(B512, in, inPos, in.order(), inp_mask);
+      ByteVector byteVector = fromByteBuffer(B512, in, inPos, inp_mask);
       IntVector tempRes1 = byteVector
           .rearrange(perm_mask0)
           .reinterpretAsInts()
@@ -2960,7 +2956,7 @@ public final void unpackValuesUsingVector(final byte[] in, final int inPos, fina
 
     public final void unpackValuesUsingVector(
         final ByteBuffer in, final int inPos, final int[] out, final int outPos) {
-      ByteVector byteVector = ByteVector.fromByteBuffer(B512, in, inPos, in.order(), inp_mask);
+      ByteVector byteVector = fromByteBuffer(B512, in, inPos, inp_mask);
       IntVector tempRes1 = byteVector
           .rearrange(perm_mask0)
           .reinterpretAsInts()
@@ -3089,7 +3085,7 @@ public final void unpackValuesUsingVector(final byte[] in, final int inPos, fina
 
     public final void unpackValuesUsingVector(
         final ByteBuffer in, final int inPos, final int[] out, final int outPos) {
-      ByteVector byteVector = ByteVector.fromByteBuffer(B512, in, inPos, in.order(), inp_mask);
+      ByteVector byteVector = fromByteBuffer(B512, in, inPos, inp_mask);
       IntVector tempRes1 = byteVector
           .rearrange(perm_mask0)
           .reinterpretAsInts()
@@ -3175,13 +3171,61 @@ public final void unpackValuesUsingVector(final byte[] in, final int inPos, fina
 
     public final void unpackValuesUsingVector(
         final ByteBuffer in, final int inPos, final int[] out, final int outPos) {
-      ByteVector byteVector = ByteVector.fromByteBuffer(B512, in, inPos, in.order(), inp_mask);
+      ByteVector byteVector = fromByteBuffer(B512, in, inPos, inp_mask);
       IntVector tempRes1 = byteVector.rearrange(perm_mask0).reinterpretAsInts();
 
       tempRes1.intoArray(out, outPos, out_mask);
     }
   }
 
+  // TODO Replace these helpers with ByteVector.fromMemorySegment(...) once the project's minimum
+  // supported JDK is >= 22 (where java.lang.foreign.MemorySegment became a permanent API per
+  // JEP 454). fromMemorySegment is the direct successor to ByteVector.fromByteBuffer (which was
+  // removed after JDK 21) and is intrinsifiable by HotSpot for both heap and direct buffers via
+  // jdk.internal.misc.ScopedMemoryAccess, eliminating the byte[] copy that this fallback uses
+  // for direct ByteBuffers. Until then, the implementations below are constrained to APIs
+  // available under --release 17. A multi-release JAR overlay (src/main/java22) would let JDK
+  // 22+ runtimes pick up the fromMemorySegment path automatically; see GH-3475 discussion.
+  private static ByteVector fromByteBuffer(VectorSpecies<Byte> species, ByteBuffer input, int inPos) {
+    // Heap buffers are loaded directly from their backing array: no ByteBuffer.duplicate(),
+    // no intermediate byte[] allocation, no extra copy. ByteVector.fromArray is intrinsified by
+    // HotSpot and lowered to a single AVX-512 load.
+    if (input.hasArray()) {
+      return ByteVector.fromArray(species, input.array(), input.arrayOffset() + inPos);
+    }
+    // Off-heap (direct) buffers: fall back to copying species.length() bytes into a scratch
+    // array. The original JDK 17 fast path used ScopedMemoryAccess.loadFromByteBuffer to avoid
+    // the copy, but that intrinsic is not exposed; the alternative ByteVector.fromMemorySegment
+    // is only available on JDK 19+ and cannot be called from --release 17 sources.
+    return ByteVector.fromArray(species, readInputBytes(input, inPos, species.length()), 0);
+  }
+
+  private static ByteVector fromByteBuffer(
+      VectorSpecies<Byte> species, ByteBuffer input, int inPos, VectorMask<Byte> mask) {
+    // Per JDK 17 ByteVector.fromByteBuffer(..., m) semantics, only masked-on lanes must be in
+    // bounds. For heap buffers, fromArray handles this directly. For direct buffers, we allocate
+    // a species.length()-sized array (satisfying fromArray's bounds-check precondition) but only
+    // copy mask.trueCount() bytes — the minimum needed for the masked-on lanes. The remaining
+    // positions stay zero and are ignored by the mask.
+    if (input.hasArray()) {
+      return ByteVector.fromArray(species, input.array(), input.arrayOffset() + inPos, mask);
+    }
+    byte[] bytes = new byte[species.length()];
+    int count = mask.trueCount();
+    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+      bytes[i] = input.get(inPos + i);
+    }
+    return ByteVector.fromArray(species, bytes, 0, mask);
+  }
+
+  private static byte[] readInputBytes(ByteBuffer input, int inPos, int byteCount) {
+    byte[] bytes = new byte[byteCount];
+    ByteBuffer source = input.duplicate();
+    source.position(inPos);
+    source.get(bytes);
+    return bytes;
+  }
+
   private static void notSupport() {
     throw new RuntimeException(
         "ByteBitPacking512VectorLE doesn't support the function, please use ByteBitPackingLE!");
diff --git a/parquet-plugins/parquet-encoding-vector/src/test/java/org/apache/parquet/column/values/bitpacking/TestByteBitPacking512VectorLE.java b/parquet-plugins/parquet-encoding-vector/src/test/java/org/apache/parquet/column/values/bitpacking/TestByteBitPacking512VectorLE.java
index 3a510d2696..b8656359bd 100644
--- a/parquet-plugins/parquet-encoding-vector/src/test/java/org/apache/parquet/column/values/bitpacking/TestByteBitPacking512VectorLE.java
+++ b/parquet-plugins/parquet-encoding-vector/src/test/java/org/apache/parquet/column/values/bitpacking/TestByteBitPacking512VectorLE.java
@@ -41,8 +41,24 @@ public void unpackValuesUsingVector() {
     }
   }
 
+  @Test
+  public void unpackValuesUsingVectorDirectByteBuffer() {
+    Assume.assumeTrue(ParquetReadRouter.getSupportVectorFromCPUFlags() == VectorSupport.VECTOR_512);
+    for (int i = 1; i <= 32; i++) {
+      unpackValuesUsingVectorBitWidthDirect(i);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void unpackValuesUsingVectorReadOnlyByteBuffer() {
+    Assume.assumeTrue(ParquetReadRouter.getSupportVectorFromCPUFlags() == VectorSupport.VECTOR_512);
+    for (int i = 1; i <= 32; i++) {
+      unpackValuesUsingVectorBitWidthReadOnly(i);
+    }
+  }
+
   private void unpackValuesUsingVectorBitWidth(int bitWidth) {
-    try (Stream<int[]> intInputs = getRangeData(bitWidth)) {
+    try (Stream<int[]> intInputs = getRangeData(bitWidth, 8192)) {
       intInputs.forEach(intInput -> {
         int pack8Count = intInput.length / 8;
         int byteOutputSize = pack8Count * bitWidth;
@@ -70,6 +86,64 @@ private void unpackValuesUsingVectorBitWidth(int bitWidth) {
     }
   }
 
+  private void unpackValuesUsingVectorBitWidthDirect(int bitWidth) {
+    // Use a smaller dataset to avoid OOM on CI; correctness of the vector path is already
+    // exhaustively tested by unpackValuesUsingVectorBitWidth — here we only verify that
+    // reading from a direct (off-heap) ByteBuffer produces the same result.
+    try (Stream<int[]> intInputs = getRangeData(bitWidth, 8192)) {
+      intInputs.forEach(intInput -> {
+        int pack8Count = intInput.length / 8;
+        int byteOutputSize = pack8Count * bitWidth;
+        byte[] byteOutput = new byte[byteOutputSize];
+        int[] output = new int[intInput.length];
+        int[] expected = new int[intInput.length];
+
+        BytePacker bytePacker = Packer.LITTLE_ENDIAN.newBytePacker(bitWidth);
+        for (int i = 0; i < pack8Count; i++) {
+          bytePacker.pack8Values(intInput, 8 * i, byteOutput, bitWidth * i);
+        }
+
+        unpack8Values(bitWidth, byteOutput, expected);
+
+        // Direct (off-heap) ByteBuffer
+        ByteBuffer directBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(byteOutputSize);
+        directBuffer.put(byteOutput);
+        directBuffer.flip();
+        unpackValuesUsingVectorByteBuffer(bitWidth, directBuffer, output);
+        assertArrayEquals(expected, output);
+        Arrays.fill(output, 0);
+      });
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void unpackValuesUsingVectorBitWidthReadOnly(int bitWidth) {
+    // Use a smaller dataset to avoid OOM on CI; correctness of the vector path is already
+    // exhaustively tested by unpackValuesUsingVectorBitWidth — here we only verify that
+    // reading from a read-only ByteBuffer produces the same result.
+    try (Stream<int[]> intInputs = getRangeData(bitWidth, 8192)) {
+      intInputs.forEach(intInput -> {
+        int pack8Count = intInput.length / 8;
+        int byteOutputSize = pack8Count * bitWidth;
+        byte[] byteOutput = new byte[byteOutputSize];
+        int[] output = new int[intInput.length];
+        int[] expected = new int[intInput.length];
+
+        BytePacker bytePacker = Packer.LITTLE_ENDIAN.newBytePacker(bitWidth);
+        for (int i = 0; i < pack8Count; i++) {
+          bytePacker.pack8Values(intInput, 8 * i, byteOutput, bitWidth * i);
+        }
+
+        unpack8Values(bitWidth, byteOutput, expected);
+
+        // Read-only heap ByteBuffer (hasArray() returns false)
+        ByteBuffer readOnlyBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(byteOutput).asReadOnlyBuffer();
+        unpackValuesUsingVectorByteBuffer(bitWidth, readOnlyBuffer, output);
+        assertArrayEquals(expected, output);
+        Arrays.fill(output, 0);
+      });
+    }
+  }
+
   public void unpack8Values(int bitWidth, byte[] input, int[] output) {
     BytePacker bytePacker = Packer.LITTLE_ENDIAN.newBytePacker(bitWidth);
     int len = input.length;
@@ -121,9 +195,7 @@ public void unpackValuesUsingVectorByteBuffer(int bitWidth, ByteBuffer input, in
     }
   }
 
-  private Stream<int[]> getRangeData(int bitWidth) {
-    int itemMax = 268435456;
-
+  private Stream<int[]> getRangeData(int bitWidth, int itemMax) {
     long maxValue = getMaxValue(bitWidth);
     long maxValueFilled = maxValue + 1;
     int itemCount = (int) (maxValueFilled / itemMax);
@@ -134,7 +206,10 @@ private Stream<int[]> getRangeData(int bitWidth) {
 
     final int finalItemCount = itemCount;
 
-    return IntStream.range(0, finalItemCount).mapToObj(i -> {
+    // Test the first and last chunks to cover both low-range and high-range boundary values.
+    return IntStream.range(0, finalItemCount)
+        .filter(i -> i == 0 || i == finalItemCount - 1)
+        .mapToObj(i -> {
       int len;
       if ((i == finalItemCount - 1) && mode != 0) {
         len = mode;