diff --git a/.changeset/lucky-bats-listen.md b/.changeset/lucky-bats-listen.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e730a469ae6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/lucky-bats-listen.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+---
+'@tanstack/react-query': patch
+---
+
+fix(react-query/HydrationBoundary): hydrate existing queries during SSR
+
+`HydrationBoundary` holds back hydration of queries that are already in the cache until after the render phase, so that transitions don't update mounted observers mid-render. There is no effect phase during SSR, so those queries were never hydrated at all. A `useQuery` rendered above the boundary creates a cache entry without fetching, which was enough to make the boundary skip the prefetched data and leave a child `useSuspenseQuery` to fetch again on the server.
diff --git a/packages/react-query/src/HydrationBoundary.tsx b/packages/react-query/src/HydrationBoundary.tsx
index 901c8e9686c..ce2af5bab6d 100644
--- a/packages/react-query/src/HydrationBoundary.tsx
+++ b/packages/react-query/src/HydrationBoundary.tsx
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 'use client'
 import * as React from 'react'
 
-import { hydrate } from '@tanstack/query-core'
+import { environmentManager, hydrate } from '@tanstack/query-core'
 import { useQueryClient } from './QueryClientProvider'
 import type {
   DehydratedState,
@@ -50,6 +50,12 @@ export const HydrationBoundary = ({
   // If the transition is aborted, we will have hydrated any _new_ queries, but
   // we throw away the fresh data for any existing ones to avoid unexpectedly
   // updating the UI.
+  //
+  // On the server there is no effect phase to hold back until, so holding back
+  // would mean never hydrating those queries at all. Neither reason for holding
+  // back applies there either: there are no transitions to abort, and no
+  // observer can have subscribed yet because subscriptions happen in effects,
+  // so hydrating in render cannot be an observed side effect.
   const hydrationQueue: DehydratedState['queries'] | undefined =
     React.useMemo(() => {
       if (state) {
@@ -83,7 +89,11 @@ export const HydrationBoundary = ({
                   existingQuery.state.dataUpdatedAt)
 
             if (hydrationIsNewer) {
-              existingQueries.push(dehydratedQuery)
+              if (environmentManager.isServer()) {
+                newQueries.push(dehydratedQuery)
+              } else {
+                existingQueries.push(dehydratedQuery)
+              }
             }
           }
         }
diff --git a/packages/react-query/src/__tests__/ssr-hydration.test.tsx b/packages/react-query/src/__tests__/ssr-hydration.test.tsx
index 587726b3623..993b54dd1f7 100644
--- a/packages/react-query/src/__tests__/ssr-hydration.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/react-query/src/__tests__/ssr-hydration.test.tsx
@@ -1,15 +1,17 @@
 import { afterAll, beforeAll, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
 import { hydrateRoot } from 'react-dom/client'
-import { act } from 'react'
+import { Suspense, act } from 'react'
 import * as ReactDOMServer from 'react-dom/server'
 import { queryKey } from '@tanstack/query-test-utils'
 import {
+  HydrationBoundary,
   QueryCache,
   QueryClient,
   QueryClientProvider,
   dehydrate,
   hydrate,
   useQuery,
+  useSuspenseQuery,
 } from '..'
 import { setIsServer } from './utils'
 
@@ -270,4 +272,52 @@ describe('Server side rendering with de/rehydration', () => {
     queryClient.clear()
     consoleMock.mockRestore()
   })
+
+  // https://github.com/TanStack/query/issues/10145
+  it('should hydrate a query that a useQuery above the boundary put in the cache', async () => {
+    const key = queryKey()
+    const renderQueryFn = vi.fn(() => fetchData('rendered'))
+
+    function Header() {
+      const result = useQuery({ queryKey: key, queryFn: renderQueryFn })
+      return <PrintStateComponent componentName="Header" result={result} />
+    }
+
+    function Detail() {
+      const result = useSuspenseQuery({ queryKey: key, queryFn: renderQueryFn })
+      return <PrintStateComponent componentName="Detail" result={result} />
+    }
+
+    setIsServer(true)
+
+    const prefetchClient = new QueryClient()
+    await prefetchClient.prefetchQuery({
+      queryKey: key,
+      queryFn: () => fetchData('prefetched'),
+    })
+    const dehydratedState = dehydrate(prefetchClient)
+
+    // `Header` renders before the boundary and puts a pending query for the
+    // same key in the cache, even though it never fetches on the server.
+    const renderClient = new QueryClient()
+    const markup = ReactDOMServer.renderToString(
+      <QueryClientProvider client={renderClient}>
+        <Header />
+        <HydrationBoundary state={dehydratedState}>
+          <Suspense fallback="loading">
+            <Detail />
+          </Suspense>
+        </HydrationBoundary>
+      </QueryClientProvider>,
+    )
+
+    prefetchClient.clear()
+    renderClient.clear()
+    setIsServer(false)
+
+    expect(markup).toContain(
+      'Detail - status:success fetching:false data:prefetched',
+    )
+    expect(renderQueryFn).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+  })
 })