diff --git a/CHANGELOG.rst b/CHANGELOG.rst
index ec9e7ffdf5e..64f51912a20 100755
--- a/CHANGELOG.rst
+++ b/CHANGELOG.rst
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ Changelog
 
 - Move the Mistral Medium 3.5 checkpoint-mirror recipe from ``huggingface/models/nvidia/Mistral-Medium-3.5-128B-NVFP4/ptq/nvfp4-max-calib`` to ``huggingface/models/mistralai/Mistral-Medium-3.5-128B/ptq/nvfp4-max-calib``, keying it by the canonical Hugging Face base model. Update any saved ``--recipe`` paths to the new location.
 - Transformer Engine ``TEGroupedMLP`` (fused MoE experts) now uses **per-expert** weight quantization (one ``amax`` per expert) instead of a single shared ``amax``, so ModelOpt checkpoints containing quantized ``TEGroupedMLP`` modules saved before 0.47 are **not compatible** with 0.47. Re-run PTQ to regenerate compatible checkpoints.
+- ``mtq.quantize`` now raises when a config asks for weight quantization but none of its weight-quantizer patterns match the model, instead of calibrating and exporting a silently unquantized checkpoint (``"quant_algo": null``). Configs that quantize activations or the KV cache only are unaffected, as are patterns that match and are then disabled by a later entry. If this fires, use the recipe for that architecture under ``modelopt_recipes/huggingface/<model_type>/`` or fix the module patterns.
 
 **Deprecations**
 
diff --git a/modelopt/torch/quantization/model_quant.py b/modelopt/torch/quantization/model_quant.py
index 966a3643fe3..42b2dc2364d 100644
--- a/modelopt/torch/quantization/model_quant.py
+++ b/modelopt/torch/quantization/model_quant.py
@@ -141,6 +141,60 @@ def postprocess_amax(model: nn.Module, key: str, post_process_fn) -> nn.Module:
     return model
 
 
+def _check_weight_quantization_took_effect(model: nn.Module, config: QuantizeConfig) -> None:
+    """Raise when a config asks for weight quantization but enables no weight quantizer.
+
+    A config whose module patterns do not match the model is not an error to
+    :func:`set_quantizer_by_cfg` — every pattern simply matches nothing — so the run
+    proceeds through calibration and export and produces a checkpoint that is silently
+    unquantized (``"quant_algo": null`` with an empty ``quantized_layers``). That has
+    bitten several MoE architectures whose module naming differs from the wildcards in
+    the general recipes, and it is only noticed when someone reads the exported config.
+
+    The mismatch is reported against the config's own intent: only configs that ask for
+    weight quantization are checked, so activation-only or KV-cache-only configs are
+    unaffected. A config whose weight patterns do match but are then switched off by a
+    later entry is a deliberate choice, not a mismatch, so only entries matching nothing
+    at all count.
+    """
+    weight_entries = [
+        entry
+        for entry in config.quant_cfg
+        if entry.enable and "weight_quantizer" in entry.quantizer_name
+    ]
+    if not weight_entries:
+        return
+
+    quantizers = [
+        (name, module)
+        for name, module in model.named_modules()
+        if isinstance(module, TensorQuantizer)
+    ]
+    if any(
+        fnmatch.fnmatch(name, entry.quantizer_name)
+        for entry in weight_entries
+        for name, _ in quantizers
+    ):
+        return
+    # Nothing this config asked to quantize exists. Anything already enabled came from an
+    # earlier `mtq.quantize` call on this model, which this config is refining rather than
+    # establishing — leave those alone.
+    if any(module.is_enabled for name, module in quantizers if "weight_quantizer" in name):
+        return
+
+    patterns = "\n  ".join(sorted({entry.quantizer_name for entry in weight_entries}))
+    raise RuntimeError(
+        "The quantization config asks for weight quantization but no weight quantizer was "
+        f"enabled, so nothing would be quantized ({len(quantizers)} quantizer(s) inserted). "
+        "These patterns matched no weight quantizer:\n  "
+        f"{patterns}\n"
+        "Either the patterns do not match this architecture's module names (check the "
+        "model-specific recipes under modelopt_recipes/huggingface/<model_type>/), or the "
+        "modules holding the weights were never converted to quantized modules (an "
+        "unsupported custom module, e.g. a trust_remote_code MoE layout)."
+    )
+
+
 def quantize(
     model: nn.Module,
     config: dict[str, Any | QuantizeConfig],
@@ -238,12 +292,14 @@ def forward_loop(model) -> None:
 
     Returns: A pytorch model which has been quantized and calibrated.
     """
+    quantize_config = QuantizeConfig(**dict(config))
     if not is_quantized(model):
         model = apply_mode(model, mode=[("quantize", dict(config))], registry=QuantizeModeRegistry)
     else:
         # Already quantized, so lets apply the quant_cfg from the config
-        quant_cfg = QuantizeConfig(**dict(config)).quant_cfg
-        set_quantizer_by_cfg(model, quant_cfg)
+        set_quantizer_by_cfg(model, quantize_config.quant_cfg)
+    # Fail before calibration rather than after exporting an unquantized checkpoint.
+    _check_weight_quantization_took_effect(model, quantize_config)
     return calibrate(model, config.get("algorithm"), forward_loop=forward_loop)
 
 
diff --git a/tests/unit/torch/quantization/test_quantize_cpu.py b/tests/unit/torch/quantization/test_quantize_cpu.py
index 3e4925e7b63..e1cf709e75d 100644
--- a/tests/unit/torch/quantization/test_quantize_cpu.py
+++ b/tests/unit/torch/quantization/test_quantize_cpu.py
@@ -441,6 +441,59 @@ def test_enable_only_entry_preserves_attributes():
             assert module.axis == 0, "axis should be preserved by enable-only entry"
 
 
+def test_weight_patterns_matching_nothing_raise():
+    """A config whose weight patterns match no module must fail, not quantize nothing.
+
+    Otherwise calibration and export run to completion and produce a checkpoint that is
+    silently unquantized (``"quant_algo": null``).
+    """
+    model = SimpleLinear()
+    config = {
+        "quant_cfg": [
+            {"quantizer_name": "*", "enable": False},
+            # No module in this model is named `experts`.
+            {"quantizer_name": "*.experts.*weight_quantizer", "cfg": {"num_bits": 8, "axis": 0}},
+        ],
+        "algorithm": "max",
+    }
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="no weight quantizer was enabled"):
+        mtq.quantize(model, config, lambda m: m(m.get_input()))
+
+
+def test_config_without_weight_quantization_is_allowed():
+    """Activation-only configs quantize no weight on purpose and must still run."""
+    model = SimpleLinear()
+    config = {
+        "quant_cfg": [
+            {"quantizer_name": "*", "enable": False},
+            {"quantizer_name": "*input_quantizer", "cfg": {"num_bits": 8, "axis": None}},
+        ],
+        "algorithm": "max",
+    }
+    model = mtq.quantize(model, config, lambda m: m(m.get_input()))
+
+    for name, module in model.named_modules():
+        if name.endswith("weight_quantizer"):
+            assert not module.is_enabled
+
+
+def test_weight_quantizers_disabled_by_a_later_entry_are_allowed():
+    """Patterns that match and are then switched off are a choice, not a mismatch."""
+    model = SimpleLinear()
+    config = {
+        "quant_cfg": [
+            {"quantizer_name": "*weight_quantizer", "cfg": {"num_bits": 4, "axis": 0}},
+            {"quantizer_name": "*weight_quantizer", "enable": False},
+        ],
+        "algorithm": "max",
+    }
+    model = mtq.quantize(model, config, lambda m: m(m.get_input()))
+
+    for name, module in model.named_modules():
+        if name.endswith("weight_quantizer"):
+            assert not module.is_enabled
+
+
 def test_atomicity_later_cfg_entry_does_not_inherit_earlier():
     """When two cfg-bearing entries match the same quantizer, the second fully replaces the first."""
     model = SimpleLinear()